1919年5月6日,北京中等以上学校学生联合会成立。10日,武汉学生联合会成立。11日,上海学生联合会成立。旅京的山东劳动者数万人于彰仪门外旷野集会,要求山东交涉,万勿签字。南昌、杭州等地学生游行。广州、吉林等地召开国民大会。
12日,山东济宁学界展开爱国活动,并成立学界联合会。13日,开封各校学生召开联合大会。14日,天津学生联合会成立。15日,烟台学生游行。16日,山东各地抵制日货。厦门学生游行。
17日,合肥、漳州等地学生游行。武汉学生联合会成立。18日,武汉各校学生3000余人集会游行。19日,北京各专门以上18所学校学生再次罢课,发表宣言,20日,各中学学生也一律罢课。各校学生组织“救国十人团”,在北京城区和昌平、长辛店、保定等地开展讲演活动;抵制日货;出版《五七》日刊;组织护鲁义勇队,进行军事训练。
23日,天津中等以上学校罢课。25日,徐世昌对学生运动下达一道措词强硬的命令,禁止集会、游行、演说、散布传单,令文说:“着责成京外该管文武长官剀切晓谕,严密稽察,如再有前项事情,务当悉力制止。其不服制止者,应即依法逮办,以遏乱萌。”
26日,上海中等以上男女学校学生全体罢课。在公共体育场召开万人大会,举行罢课宣誓:吾人期合全国国民之能力,挽救危亡,死生之义,义不返顾。旋即举行环街游行。随后,济南、保定、苏州、南京、武汉等地学生相继罢课。
On May 6, 1919, the May 4th Movement spread across the entire country.
On May 6, 1919, the Beijing Association of Secondary and Higher School Students was established. On the 10th, the Wuhan Student Union came into being. Just a day later, the Shanghai Student Union was founded. Meanwhile, tens of thousands of Shandong workers residing in Beijing gathered in an open field outside Zhangyi Gate, demanding that the Shandong delegation continue negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and refuse to sign any humiliating treaties. Students in cities like Nanchang and Hangzhou took to the streets to protest, while national assemblies were held in places like Guangzhou and Jilin.
On the 12th, academic circles in Jining, Shandong, embarked on patriotic endeavors and formed the Academic Federation. The following day, students from various schools in Kaifeng convened for a joint conference. On the 14th, the Tianjin Student Union was set up. A day after, students in Yantai protested. On the 16th, students across Shandong boycotted Japanese goods, and those in Xiamen protested.
On the 17th, students in Hefei and Zhangzhou protested, and the Wuhan Student Union was established. The next day, over 3,000 students from various Wuhan schools gathered for a protest march. On the 19th, students from 18 specialized schools in Beijing went on strike again, issuing a declaration. The following day, students from all middle schools followed suit. These students organized "National Salvation Groups of Ten," conducting lecture activities in various parts of Beijing, including Changping, Changxindian, and Baoding. They also boycotted Japanese products, published the "May 7th Daily," and organized a volunteer corps for the protection of Shandong, undergoing military training.
On the 23rd, secondary and higher schools in Tianjin went on strike. Two days later, Xu Shichang issued a strongly worded directive concerning the student movement, prohibiting assemblies, processions, speeches, and the dissemination of flyers. The verbatim of the order read: "We hereby instruct the relevant civil and military officials outside Beijing to ensure strict compliance and close monitoring. If any of the aforementioned activities occur again, they must be stopped immediately. Those who refuse to comply shall be dealt with according to the law to prevent any chaos from arising."
On the 26th, all students from secondary and higher schools in Shanghai went on strike. A gathering of 10,000 people was held at a public stadium, where they took an oath to strike, declaring, "We sincerely hope that all compatriots can unite to salvage our nation from peril, and we are prepared to sacrifice our lives for this noble endeavor." Immediately following the oath, a protest march ensued around the city. Subsequently, students in Jinan, Baoding, Suzhou, Nanjing, and Wuhan went on strike in succession.
(供稿:鱼浩 马丹悦 校对:苟小亮 田雨荷)